Log into Fastmail’s Web mail and click on the Mail menu at the top left.
Click on Settings, then Spam Protection.
Make sure that Custom is selected:
Make sure that Move and Permanently delete are unchecked.
Make sure that Mark spam as read is unchecked.
You can optionally click Show advanced preferences, go to the Backscatter section, and select With bounce spam: Do nothing to have Fastmail ignore messages where it thinks a spammer impersonated you to send spam.